BDB Bertsolaritzaren datu-basea

[EN] Over the last decade, in which bertsolaritza has become one of the most significant cultural manifestations in the Basque Country, women bertsolaris have themselves become a model of empowerment. Official records of bertsolaritza date back to the 15th century and women bertsolaris have been singing since that era. However, up until the 20th century they were systematically consigned to oblivion. This paper aims to explore the image that has been created of women over the centuries. Before, women were the object of bertsos (verses) sung by men, but now these are sung by both men and women. There are currently 200 women bertsolaris and 25 of them have been selected to form discussion groups focusing on the image portrayed of women in bertsolaritza. These 25 viewpoints represent the elite of those women currently working in the field of bertsolaritza. Their accounts were collected, transcribed and cross-referenced by nine researchers. Subsequently, they were classified and interpreted using the Nvivo 11 analysis system. The main conclusion is that it was women bertsolaris who paved the way into changing the image of women from being passive objects to active subjects. Women have gone from being an abstract, foreign and completely stereotypical theme of a masculine discourse to becoming a visible, flesh-and-blood, multi-faceted entity with these female bertsolaris.

[ES] En la última década, el bertsolarismo se ha convertido en una de las manifestaciones culturales más significativas en el País Vasco, las mujeres bertsolaris se han convertido en un modelo de empoderamiento. Los registros oficiales de bertsolaritza se conocen desde el siglo XV. En este trabajo pretendemos explorar la imagen que se ha creado de las mujeres a lo largo de los siglos. Antes, las mujeres eran objeto de versos cantados por hombres, pero ahora son cantados tanto por hombres como por mujeres. Actualmente hay 200 mujeres bertsolaris y se han seleccionado 25 de ellas para formar grupos de discusión. Representan la élite de las mujeres que actualmente trabajan en el campo de bertsolaritza. Se transcribieron, categorizaron e interpretaron los datos utilizando el programa Nvivo 11. La conclusión principal es que las mujeres bertsolaris fueron las que construyeron el camino para cambiar la imagen de las mujeres como objetos pasivos a sujetos activos. Las mujeres han pasado de ser un tema abstracto, extraño y completamente estereotipado del discurso masculino a convertirse en un sujeto activo en el campo del bertsolarismo.

1. Introduction ... 490
1.1. What is bertsolaritza and improvisation? ...490
1.2. The history of women bertsolaris ...492
1.3. The image of women in the history of men and women bertsolaris ...493
1.4. Background ...496
2. Objectives ...497
3. Method ...497
3.1. Participants ...497
3.2. Data collection tools ...499
3.3. Working procedure ...499
4. Interpretation ...500
4.1. Women as a theme ...500
4.2. Theme types ...502
4.3. Roles suggested in the themes ...505
4.4. Style categories ...507
5. Discussion ...509
6. Synthetic conclusions ...511
7. References ...513
8. Annexes ...517