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This thesis highlights the influence of female artists during the 1970s and early 1980s on the early development of hip-hop, and their role as innovators, who made an impact on the hip-hop genre of popular music. This thesis tells the story of female rappers roughly between the years 1976 and 1984. It highlights the influential funk artists, Millie Jackson and Betty Davis, whose raunchy and sexy style, lyrics, and artistry had a profound influence on the development of hip-hip and in particular, female rap artists. It discusses the development and influence of early female rap groups and solo artists, notably the Mercedes Ladies and Roxanne Shante, and the obstacles they faced as female artists, during the 1970s and 1980s. This study illuminates an important part of hip-hop music and culture, which is the role played by female artists in the early period.

CHAPTER
I. Millie Jackson, Betty Davis, and the Sexual Revolution in Pop Music ...9
Millie Jackson ...10
Betty Davis ...19
II. Cindy Campbell and The Mercedes Ladies ...29
Cindy Campbell ...29
The Mercedes Ladies ...34
III. Sylvia Robinson & Sugar Hill Records ...47
Sylvia Robinson ...48
The Sugarhill Gang ...49
The Sequence .... 51
Grandmaster Flash & The Furious Five ...54
Funky 4+1 ...57
IV. Roxanne Shante and The Roxanne Wars ...63
Roxanne Shante/U.T.F.O ...65
The Real Roxanne ...67
Roxanne Wars ...72
The Juice Crew ...74
Finding commercial success and respect ...76
V. Conclusion ...81
BIBLIOGRAPHY ...83