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This book is about the spoken word. It is about words spoken in the first century of our era and later put down in writing as confirmation of what had been said and done. Here, Marcel Jousse answers his own fundamental question: “How did the human being, placed at the heart of the countless actions of the universe, set about to conserve within him the memory of these actions and to transmit this memory faithfully to his descendants, from generation to generation?” To all oral societies, tradition is memory, and of all oral societies, ancient Galilee, perhaps more so than any other, developed ways and means of capacitating memory to levels we no longer fathom. This book is about how Ieshua’s deeds and sayings were first faithfully recorded in the memory as and when they happened, how they were then faithfully transmitted orally within and without Palestine, and how they were finally faithfully—literally—recorded anew, as oral tradition put in writing.

Abbreviations …ix
Acknowledgments …xi
Foreword by Werner Kelber …xiii
Introduction by Edgard Sienaert …1
PART 1: Last Dictations: On the Elaboration and Emigration of the Palestinian Oral Style
Introduction: A Methodology for the Study of Memory …17
Section 1: The Intra-Ethnic Elaboration of the Palestinian Oral Style …23
1. Memory in Palestine – Institutions …25
2. Memory in Palestine – Techniques …40
3. The Counter-Necklace of Kepha …69
Section 2: The Extra-Ethnic Emigration of the Palestinian Oral Tradition …85
1. The Engenderment of a Hellenistics Oral-Style Tradition …87
2. Kepha and His Apprehenders …106
3. The Counter-Necklace from Jerusalem to Rome …120
Conclusion: Kepha …143

PART 2: Four Lectures on the early Transmission of the Gospels
Lecture 1: The Psychology of the Palestinian Ethnic Milieu …151
Lecture 2: The Targumist Meturgemans-Sunergoi, Accompanists of Shaul …167
Lecture 3: The Cathechisms of Paul “Sent in Writing” …179
Lecture 4: The Palestinian Mashal of the Wild Olive Tree …191

PART 3: Four Essays on the Palestinian Oral Style
1. Terminology in Context: Judahite, Judean, Judaist in the Palestinian Ethnic Milieu …207
2. Father Son and Paraclete in the Palestinian Ethnic Milieu …225
3. The Manducation of the Lesson in the Palestinian Ethnic Milieu …274
4. The Targumic Formulas of the Our Father in the Palestinian …346

Appendix 1: The Galilean Oral Style in Eighty Propositions …391
Appendix 2: Aramaic Rhythmocatechism on the Memra …397
Appendix 3: Aramaic Rhythmo-catechism on the Memra …397
Bibliography of Marcel Jousse’s Works …401
Index …403